Nowadays, many companies are conducting online interviews over Skype, Google Hangouts, and other video chat platforms. It is because online interviews can drastically save the employer’s money and other resources.
These interviews are really efficient for both the employee and the employer. In this article, we have shared the online interview questions that an employer may ask in any online interview or an in-person interview. In addition, we have also covered some tips for the preparation of online interviews. Most of the companies have started taking online job interviews after the CoronaVirus. So, you can prepare and appear for the interview from the comfort of your home.
Online Interview Questions
Let’s first start with the questions because if you are ready, then it will ensure that your online interview goes well. The key to getting success in any interview is confidence and being comfortable. This is why preparation and practice play an important role to boost your confidence. So, prepare for an online video interview with the following interview questions:
What You Will Learn
1) Describe yourself in short.
This is a basic question that creates your first impression. This question is enough to judge most of your skills. This can set a platform for further questions. To answer this question, be concise and focus on your basic details. Cover important things in short and target your answer to the specific job opportunity.
2) Why do you think that this job is right for you?
This is where your research will be beneficial. You should do research about the corresponding company before appearing in an interview. You should have all the important information about the job and the company. Focus on your skills and experience and tell how you can be beneficial for the company’s growth. Market yourself with unique qualities, something that will differentiate you from others.
3) Mention your biggest achievement of life.
A human’s life is full of achievements. Do some research and find your work-related achievements to discuss. You can also mention your work experience considering it as a personal goal.
4) How do you motivate yourself?
Self-motivation is a critical factor in every job. Employers always expect to find a candidate who can motivate himself and other team members in any tough situation. So, shortlist your skills and achievements and tell them with confidence and energy. Show your employer what helps you to believe in yourself.
5) Why do you want to leave your current job?
This is one of the most important questions and can be a danger if you do not answer this question carefully. To answer this question, do not ever try to say anything negative about the company or manager. Better target your goals and focus on the future. Show the employer that you are looking for a job that can match with your goals and position, highlighting the position for which you are giving an interview.
6) Have you applied anywhere else for a job?
Interviewers may ask this question to measure your interest in their job opportunities. Or they may check if the other jobs you have applied for really match with your goals and position to cross-check your previous answers.
7) You want to ask anything?
It is always critical to have questions ready to ask an interviewer. Better prepare your questions before appearing in an interview. Avoid asking such types of questions that you can easily search through the internet or job posting.
Online Interview Tips
• Choose a private, secluded, and well-lit place with no interruptions. Put your phone in silent mode. • Check your computer hardware to make sure that audio, video, mic, etc. are working properly. • Dress professionally and avoid bright colors. • Put a notepad, pen, and copy of your resume on your desk. Also, keep a glass or bottle of water near you. • Listen carefully, don’t interrupt the interviewer. Also, nod and smile while listening. • Write a thank you note after the interview and take follow up on progress.
Wrap Up
Online interviewing is a normal part of the hiring process. If you have one to come, it is better to follow all the instructions shared by us in this article.
Most frequently asked important Google Maps Interview Questions are described below:
Quick Links
1) What is Google Maps?
Google Maps is a web-based mapping service that is designed and developed by Google. It contains geographical data and provides routes and information to the client.
2) What are the main features of Google Maps?
The following are the main features of Google Maps:
• It searches places and provides route directions. • It measures distance and ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival). • It helps in getting traffic information. • It receives verbal instructions. • It provides location sharing and location editing. • It displays the street view.
3) Does Google Maps have APIs?
Yes, Google Maps have APIs. The Google Maps APIs allow developers to embed Google Maps into web pages and access the data from Google Maps. This enables them to display Google Maps on their web-pages with either simple or extensive customization. One can select different products (such as Routes or Places etc.) because of linked API.
4) What is Google Maps API?
The Google Maps API is a robust tool that allows users to create a custom map or searchable map. It also helps users to add several other features with the created maps. For example- Check-in functions, data synchronization, plan routes, mark or share location, etc.
5) What are the available APIs in Google Maps?
There are several APIs available in Google Maps:
Web APIs
• Google Maps JavaScript API • Google Street View Image API • Google Static Maps API • Google Maps Embed API
Web Service APIs
• Google Maps Directions API • Google Maps Elevation API • Google Maps Distance Matrix API • Google Maps Geocoding API • Google Maps Geolocation API • Google Maps Time Zone API • Google Maps Roads API • Google Places API Web Service
Mobile APIs
• Google Maps Android API • Google Places API for Android • Google Maps SDK for iOS • Google Places API for iOS
6) Which API do we need actually?
The selection of APIs depends upon your requirements. Each API has a different functional use.
7) Is Google Maps API free?
Google Maps APIs are free to use for a wide variety of use-cases, with complimentary usage limits and consistent overage pricing for the use of standard APIs. There are also annual contracts available for business implementations.
APIs without usage limits:
• Google Maps Android API • Google Maps SDK for iOS • Google Maps Embed API • Google Earth API
APIs with usage limits:
• Google Maps JavaScript API • Google Static Maps API • Google Street View Image API • Google Maps Geocoding API • Google Maps Geolocation API • Google Maps Roads API • Google Maps Directions API • Google Maps Distance Matrix API • Google Maps Elevation API • Google Maps Time Zone API
8) Write down the steps to load Google Maps on a web page.
The steps to load the Google Maps on a web page are given below:
II) Load Google Maps API using a script tag between head tags.
III) Create a container element using a div tag that can hold the Map. It will look like this:
<html><!--Load Google Maps API using javascript --><head><scriptsrc="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js"></script></head><body><!--Create a container to load Google Map inside --><divid="sampleContainer"style="width:900px;height:580px;"></div>
.............
</body></html>
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IV) Define Google Map Options.
Google Maps provides the following options:
• Centre • Zoom • Maptypeid
var mapOptions ={ center:new google.maps.LatLng(17.240498,82.287598), zoom:9, mapTypeId:google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP
};
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V) Map Object Creation
Map is created by JavaScript class which is known as Map.
var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("mapContainer"), mapOptions);
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VI) Load the Map
The Map is loaded either by loadmap() method or adding DOM listner.
google.maps.event.addDomListener(window,'load', loadMap);
OR
<body onload ="loadMap()">
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9) How many types of Google Maps are there?
There are four types of Google Maps:
• Road Map – It is the default type of Google Maps. It displays the default road map interface.
• Satellite – It displays Google Earth satellite-based images.
• Hybrid – It displays both the general and satellite views.
• Terrain – It displays a physical map including the territory information.
10) Is there any way to change the zoom in Google Maps?
Yes, it is possible to change the zoom value in Google Maps. The value of the zoom can be increased or decreased by changing the zoom feature in the map option.
The following is the syntax where zoom-value can be modified according to the requirements:
var mapOptions ={zoom:required zoom value
};
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11) Can we change the language in Google Maps?
Yes, we can change the language in Google Maps. The default language of Google Maps is English. However, it can be changed by adding the language option in the URL. e.g.,
12) What are the User Interface controls available in Google Maps?
Google Maps has many user-friendly control options that help users to easily interact with the map. Google Maps allow users to add, customize and disable these controls according to the requirements. The default controls are:
• Zoom – There are two buttons ‘’+” and “-” in the bottom right corner of the Google Maps that can be used to control the zoom level of the Map.
• Pan – It is used for panning the Map.
• Map-Type – It is used to change the view of Google Maps. For example – Satellite view, Road map view or Terrain. The control option is available on the top right corner of the Map.
• Street View – It is used to get the street view of the specific location. To use this option, the user needs to drag the Pegman icon.
13) What do you understand by GIS?
The term 'GIS' is an acronym of “Geographic Information System”. It is a framework that is designed to analyze, capture, store, manipulate, and display all types of geographic information. Geography is the key word for Google Maps because it is based on spatial data.
14) Categorize GIS types?
GIS can be divided into the following two categories:
• Vector – Spatially referenced data that is represented by a vector.
• Raster – Raster forms (including imagery) and attribute tables, represented in a tabular form.
15) List the components of GIS.
There are six known components of GIS, as listed below:
• Hardware • Software • Data • Methods • People • Network
Previously, there were only five GIS components.
16) What does GPS stand for? How does it work?
GPS stands for ‘Global Positioning System’. It is defined as a satellite-based navigation system. GPS is a network of several satellites (around 30 satellites) orbiting around the Earth. The GPS receiver in our devices intercepts these signals and calculates its distance from four or more GPS satellites. Depending on the distance calculations, it displays the exact position of the device on the Earth.
17) What is the main difference between GIS and GPS?
GIS is a computer program that helps people to use satellite data, whereas, GPS uses satellites that gather information to display the location of the individuals.
18) Differentiate google maps and google earth.
Google Maps contains all the information about navigation. It provides lightweight point-to-point navigation with only a small hint of the satellite. However, Google Earth displays the full 3D view of satellite data and only a small subset of location information. Google Earth does not provide point-to-point navigation.
19) What is Overlay in Google Maps?
Overlays are objects on the Google Maps that are tied on specified latitude/longitude coordinates. Google Maps provides different types of overlays:
• Marker • Polyline • Polygon • Circle and Rectangle • Info Windows • Custom Overlays
20) What is Marker is Google Maps?
Google Maps provides a tool that is used to mark a location on a map, known as a Marker. Marker uses different types of symbols to mark the location with categories. These symbols can be set and customized manually.
21) What is polyline in Google Maps? How a polyline can be added and deleted?
A polyline is a line that is drawn through a series of coordinates in an ordered sequence.
A polyline can be added by passing the object to the following method:
setMap (MapObject)
A polyline can be deleted by passing the null value:
setMap ()
22) What is Info Windows in Google Maps? Write down the important properties of Info Windows.
Info Windows is used to attach any information to the map. It displays content within a popup balloon on the top of a Google Maps. Info windows can be added on Google Maps by using google.maps.InfoWindow class.
Some of the important properties of Info Windows are:
• Content – This option allows us to pass our content in string format.
• Position – This option allows us to choose the position of the Info Windows.
• MaxWidth – This option allows us to specify the maximum width of the Info Windows in pixels.
23) Is there any option to use Google Maps on a web-page without using Google Maps APIs?
Yes, Google Maps also allows users to embed the map without using the Google Maps APIs. Google made it for the people who do not have programming knowledge.
24) What are the Events in Google Maps?
Events are activities that happen at a specific time period. Google Maps makes use of JavaScript codes to handle events.
25) Which method is used to add Event Listener in Google Maps?
One can use the addListener() method to add an Event Listener in Google Maps.
Most frequently asked important RPA Interview Questions are described below:
Quick Links
1) What is RPA?
RPA stands for ‘Robotic Process Automation’. RPA allows organizations to use software robots that can mimic human actions. These software robots automate human tasks and accomplish them in the same way that a human in an organization is doing them in systems, machines, or applications.
Robotic- The entity that mimics human actions is defined as robots (can be physical or virtual).
Process- The series of steps that lead to an effective activity can be defined as a process.
Automation- An activity that is used to complete any process or task without human intervention can be defined as automation.
2) What are the applications of RPA?
The most popular applications of RPA are:
• Data Entry
• Data Migration
• Data Extraction
• Invoice processing or bill creation
• Report Generation
• Price Comparison
• Onboarding and maintaining user data
• Information Validation
• Barcode Scanning
3) What are the characteristics of RPA?
RPA has the following characteristics:
Code-Free- There is no need to have coding skills to use RPA tools. One can easily start using RPA tools with some training. RPA tools provide a flowchart-like interface that can be used to graphically link, or drag-drops icons to represent steps in a process.
User-Friendly- RPA tools include a user-friendly interface. They can be easily used with fewer IT skills or without any special knowledge.
Non-Disruptive- RPA avoids complexity and provides simple and straightforward transformation.
Efficient- RPA tools are created to avoid mistakes as a human could do. Once the software bots are configured with proper rules and regulations, they execute the same process without mistakes.
4) What are the most popular RPA tools?
Some of the most popular RPA tools are:
• UiPath
• Blue Prism
• Automation Anywhere
• WorkFusion
• OpenSpan
• OpenConnect
• Pega
• Contextor
5) What are the different types of RPA tools?
We can divide RPA tools into the following categories:
Excel Automation and Macros- These are used for simple and basic processes to automate them.
Programmable Solution Bots- These are used to interact with other systems depending on the requirements of the client or organization.
Self-Learning Tools- These tools are used to analyze human actions and repeat them on different platforms.
Cognitive Automation Bots- These are used to handle unstructured data, and make appropriate decisions according to the complex, unstructured input.
6) What are the benefits of RPA?
The following are the benefits of RPA:
Faster- With the software robots, you can operate the processes 24/7 and with a faster speed when compared to human beings.
Cost-Effective- It can help you automate all the manual, repetitive, and rule-based digital processes with the help of software robots. Thus, it reduces the size of the workforce required to complete those tasks.
Accuracy- It provides accuracy and consistency with standardized processes.
Increased Customer Satisfaction- It helps organizations to build better relations with the customers with its fast, consistent performance.
7) What do you understand by RPA Bots? What are the steps to create an RPA bot?
RPA Bots (or Robots) are the virtual bots. They are created with the Bot creator tools such as Blue Prism, UiPath or Automation Anywhere, etc.
To create RPA bots, we are required to follow the given steps:
• First, record a task.
• Second, implement into RPA model.
• Third, test the bot.
• Last, upload the bots to execute tasks and perform automation.
8) What are the different types of bots in RPA? Describe each in short.
The RPA has the following bots:
TaskBot- These are used to manage repetitive, rule-based processes in frontend. For example- HR Sector, Procure-to-pay, Quote-to-cash, etc.
MetaBot- These are used to manage complex, scalable processes. These facilitate scalability with the latest integration. These types of bots are usually used for Enterprise automation that requires minimum maintenance.
IQBot- These are used to manage fuzzy rules. These types of bots can learn and enhance process automation.
9) How much time an RPA implementation can take? Do we need to change the entire IT infrastructure?
Typically, an RPA implementation is deployed in a few weeks. But, it can take more time according to the complexity of the processes.
There is no need to change the entire IT infrastructure to implement RPA. It can work with existing systems and machines.
10) What are the important steps to be followed by the organization looking to implement RPA?
The following steps should be followed by any organization for successful RPA implementation:
• Identify automation opportunities.
• Optimize the selected processes.
• Develop a suitable Business Case.
• Choose the appropriate RPA vendor.
• Generate the RPA development model.
• Start the development of RPA bots.
11) Does RPA allow auditing of the processes? Also mention, why auditing can be beneficial?
Yes, RPA allows auditing processes. It can be beneficial to know about the new strategies that can be easily adapted for the growth of the organization.
12) What are the main phases of the RPA life-cycle?
There are mainly four phases in the RPA life-cycle:
Analysis- This is the beginning phase of the RPA life-cycle. In this phase, RPA professionals identify suitable processes for RPA deployment.
Bot Development- In this phase, the development team develops the software bots according to the requirements of the organization.
Testing- The development team tests the developed software bots and perform some other quality checks required for the automation tasks.
Deployment and Maintenance- In the last phase, the deployment and maintenance of the software bots are done by the development team.
13) What is Process Studio in RPA?
A Process Studio is one of the most important features of any RPA tool. It allows you to develop the actual flow of the processes that you want to automate. It provides control loops, variables, and many other business logic that can be used to form a sequenced business flow. The basic aim of Process Studio is to provide you a platform to configure rules and regulations for the RPA software bots. The sequenced processes in a process studio are almost similar to the flowchart.
14) What is the process recorder in RPA?
Each RPA tool has different features to make the automation process easier and faster. Most of the tools include a feature of Process Recorder. The Process Recorder allows users to record the actions while executing a business process or any other business-related digital task. After that, it helps with automation according to the recorded actions. It is comparatively fast and accurate than human beings.
15) What is mean by Workflow Design?
Workflow design is a graphical structure of the sequence of codes. It consists of several conditions and decision-based tasks that can be used to automate the processes.
16) What are the limitations of RPA?
Some of the common limitations of RPA are:
• RPA does not help for processes that require judgment.
• RPA cannot understand non-electronic data which is unstructured.
• RPA is not cognitive. Hence, it cannot learn from experiences. It can only be used to automate repetitive, rule-based tasks.
17) Explain different types of logs. Also, mention some log fields.
Mostly used log fields are Messages, Timestamp, ProcessName, FileName, ProcessVersion, and RobotName, etc.
18) What are the main components of the RPA architecture?
Some important RPA components are listed below:
• Control Center
• Recorder
• Development Studio
• Bot Runner
• Extension / Plugin
19) Name that RPA tool which supports an open platform for automation.
UiPath is one of the RPA tools that support an open platform for automation.
20) What is the main difference between Robotic Process Automation and Artificial Intelligence?
Robotic Process Automation is used to mimic human actions with the help of software bots, whereas Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence in machines that can think, learn and make decisions on specific cases.
21) What according to you is the primary aim of RPA implementation for any organization?
The primary aim of RPA implementation for any organization is to reduce the repetitive and tedious tasks of humans. Therefore, a human can work on those tasks that require human intelligence and judgment.
22) What is the future scope of RPA?
RPA is an emerging technology, and it is increasing in different sectors. The future seems to be bright for RPA because it has several advantages and benefits over manual tasks. Anyone can start a career in RPA with some basic training.
23) Is RPA similar to screen scraping?
No, RPA is not similar to screen scraping. It is much more powerful than screen scraping. RPA is the combination of several technologies, including the screen scraping. The screen scrapping feature in RPA allows users to capture bitmap data from the screen and verify with the existing details to decode it.
24) What do you understand by Information collection in RPA?
Information collection and measurements from different sources help in the configuration of software robots. Therefore, they can be properly developed to execute the operations easily and reliably.
25) What are the important features that you should consider before the selection of an RPA tool?
An RPA tool should have the following features:
• It should be simple, scalable and reliable.
• It should support multiple frameworks.
• It should support all types of test environments.
Mostly asked SDLC Interview Questions and Answers are described below:
Quick Links
1) What is SDLC? What is the SDLC process?
SDLC is an abbreviation for "Software Development Life Cycle". SDLC is the process of systematic development of software by following every step in the development process. The entire process may involve different software development methodologies. SDLC is useful for improving the quality of software and ensuring the software properly meets user expectations.
2) What are the different phases involved in the SDLC process?
SDLC approach is used to design or develop software in a systematic manner. Following are the phases involved in an SDLC process:
• Planning or Requirement Analysis • System Design • Development • Coding • Testing • Deployment and Maintenance
3) What is the initial phase of SDLC?
The initial phase of the software development life cycle is referred to as "Planning or Requirement Analysis”. It means that the developers figure out the basic requirements of the project and build a plan to achieve that approach. There are several factors such as technical, economic, and operational feasibility which are carried out in the initial phase. The possible risks and other unexpected circumstances that could be a part of the software project are also discussed in this phase.
4) What is the feasibility study? Who does it?
The feasibility study is one of the important factors of the software development life cycle. It allows assessing how viable and beneficial software project development will be for any organization. The software analyst is responsible to perform a complete study to understand the technical, economic, and operational feasibility of any project.
Technical: Under the technical study, it is measured whether the system can be developed according to the requirements. The study also includes the suitability of devices and operating systems for running the software. Tools and utilities required for the project are also reviewed in the technical study.
Economic: All economic factors such as resource transportation, training costs, tools and utility costs, and other costs and benefits are estimated under economic feasibility.
Operational: The operational study allows us to measure whether the organization will adjust properly according to the changes made as per the demand of the software project. The study also includes whether the change is useful.
5) What is the design phase in SDLC?
In the design phase, the basic structure for the development of the software is designed according to the software requirement specification (SRS). The requirements and other details are documented in a DDS (Design Document Specification). The requirements are further converted into a logical structure and implemented in software through a specific programming language. The design phase is the most challenging phase of the software development life cycle.
6) What is mean by SRS?
SRS stands for “Software Requirement Specification”. It is typically a document that is generated at the time of requirement gathering. SRS is referred to as an agreement between the developer and the customer containing all the functional and non-functional requirements of the software to be developed. SRS works as an input for the software design phase. It is built with the proper communication between Business Analysts, client, and the technical team.
Functional Requirements: Functional requirements are the functional features and specifications that a user expects from the software.
Non-functional Requirements: Non-functional requirements include security, performance, user interface design, interoperability, cost, etc. expected by users from the software.
7) State the importance of the Coding phase.
In the coding phase of SDLC, the design document is converted into an executable programming language. This means that the actual programming or coding for the development of the software is performed in this phase according to SRS and DDS. Based on the requirements, the programming language is selected like Java, Python, or C#, etc.
This phase is said to be the longest phase of the software development life cycle. The output obtained from the coding phase acts as the input of the test phase.
8) What is the testing phase of SDLC?
Prior to deployment of software, programming, or code is tested against DDS to ensure that the software is actually performing according to the specifications addressed during the requirements analysis phase. During the testing phase, various types of tests are done such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing, etc. The software testing team works closely with developers to detect and resolve software bugs, which may have occurred in the previous phase. The entire software is retested until it meets the specified requirements outlined in SRS.
Nowadays, there are advanced testing tools that allow firms or organizations to test software for selected custom requirements.
9) What tasks are performed in the deployment and maintenance phase?
After the software is tested, it is distributed/deployed to customers for their use. The software can be released as a demo to get user feedback, to further improve it. The process of transferring authentication and ownership of software, deployment tasks, and closing of a software project is done in the deployment phase.
However, software maintenance is performed after deployment to implement new requirements and to fix bugs present in the software even after the testing phase. The software is continuously monitored during the maintenance phase to measure its stability, flexibility, performance, and user-friendliness.
10) Explain the Software Release Process.
The software release process is the distribution of software to the customer. After the testing phase, the project manager typically builds a release team consisting of developers, testers, system administrators, and project management executive. The release team is responsible for the deployment of the software and provides training to use it if necessary.
11) What are the different models of the software development life cycle?
There are several models used in SDLC. The following are the commonly used SDLC methodologies or models:
• Agile Model • Waterfall Model • Spiral Model • Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model • Iterative or Incremental Model • Evolutionary Prototype Model • V-Shaped Model • Big-bang Model • Capability Maturity Model • DevOps Model
12) Which SDLC model is the best?
SDLC models are adopted according to the requirements of the development process. Each model offers unique features for software development. Therefore, it may vary software-to-software to decide which model is best. However, the Agile Model is currently the most popular and widely adopted by software firms.
13) What is the Agile Model in SDLC? What are the advantages of the Agile Model?
The Agile method is a quick and realistic development approach to deliver software with few functional requirements within two or three weeks. The model is based on iterative and incremental development where requirements and solutions are developed through collaboration between cross-functional teams. At each iteration, the software is tested.
The Agile method needs more engagement and support from the customer as testers and developers work together to establish whether the software meets the requirements. The risks in the Agile method are minor because constant changes are made based on user feedback.
Advantages of Agile Model • It is easy to implement, understand, and use. • It has simple and easy deliverables that are often planned on a sprint basis that ensures frequent and high-quality deliverables. • It is suitable for both small and large software development projects.
14) What is the Waterfall model in SDLC? Write its advantages and disadvantages.
The waterfall model is one of the earliest and widely used software development processes. The model is based on a sequential design process which means that we move on to the next phase only after the first phase is successfully completed. Therefore, it is also known as the "Linear Sequential Life Cycle Model". This type of development model is typically used for small projects with no uncertain requirements.
Advantages of the Waterfall Model • Simple, easy to understand, and use. • Suitable for small projects where requirements are well understood. • Easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model (each phase has specific deliverables and a review process). • Easy to implement because of its linear process. • Allows departmentalization and managerial control.
Disadvantages of Waterfall Model • Difficulty in estimating the time and cost of the process resulting in delayed delivery of the product. • Poor model for long and ongoing projects. • High amounts of risk and uncertainty. • Difficulty in implementing new features or requirements in the current development process. • Not suitable for complex and object-oriented projects or projects where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of change.
15) What is the Spiral model in SDLC?
The spiral model is similar to the iterative model that is typically implemented in high-risk projects. The spiral life cycle model consists of four stages: planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation. A software project goes through these stages in iterations (called spiral in this model). All activities in this model are organized as a spiral.
The spiral model is a combination of the prototype model and the waterfall model. It is generally used for large, expensive, and complex projects.
16) What is the RAD model in SDLC?
The term RAD stands for “Rapid Application Development”. As the name itself suggests, the RAD model is a technique for developing fast and high-quality software products by:
• Requirements using workshops or focus groups. • Prototyping and early, reiterative user testing of designs. • The re-use of software components. • A rigidly paced schedule that defers design improvements to the next product version. • Less formality in reviews and other team communication.
17) What is the Iterative model in SDLC?
An iterative model does not attempt to begin with a full specification of requirements. Instead, development begins by specifying and implementing only part of the software, which can then be reviewed to identify further requirements. This process is then repeated, creating a new version of the software for each cycle of the model. The iterative model is very simple to understand and use.
18) What is the Prototype model in SDLC?
A prototype model is an immediate approximation of the final software but is not based on strict planning. A prototype is usually a working sample of software that allows users to test the product to ensure if it meets their needs.
Based on the analysis and customer feedback, the developers redefine requirements, modify software design, and produce new Prototypes. The prototypes are enhanced and updated little by little and tested in a real-time environment with the customers. This process reduces the total cost and time taken for development as problems are fixed and all requirements of customers are added before implementation. The available types of prototyping are Rapid, Incremental, Evolutionary, and Extreme.
19) What are the different types of Prototype models?
The following are the types of Prototype models:
• The Patch-Up Prototype • Non-operational Prototype • First-of-a-Series Prototype • Selected Features Prototype
20) What is the V-shaped model in SDLC? What are some advantages and disadvantages of the V-shaped model?
The V-shaped model is an updated form of the waterfall model. As the name suggests, the V-shaped model stands for the validation and validation model. The verification phase includes requirements analysis, product design, architecture design, and module design. The validation phase consists of unit testing, system testing, integration, and acceptance testing. In a V-shaped model, a phase is started only after successfully completing the last phase. Developers and testers work parallel to achieve product requirements.
Advantages of V-shaped Model • The higher success rate as multiple stages of testing are performed. • Due to multiple stage testing, the quality of the product increases. • Each stage has specific deliverables. • Supports various development methods such as structured and object-oriented system development. • Suitable for small projects where the requirements are easily understood.
Disadvantages of V-shaped Model • Expensive, rigid, and least flexible. • Software is developed during the implementation phase, so there will be no prototype of the software project. • It is difficult to add new requirements and changes in the middle of the process as the entire system will be updated, including test documents and requirements documents.
21) What is the Big-bang model in SDLC?
The Big Bang model has no specific process. Planning takes less time and the requirements are implemented without much analysis and research. It is commonly used for small projects and is not suggested for large or complex projects. The Big Bang model is a high-risk model, even the customer is not sure about their needs and objectives. If the requirements are misunderstood, the entire project may go in the wrong direction and may have to be restarted.
22) What is the Capability Maturity Model in SDLC? What are the capability maturity levels?
The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is a standard or benchmark for analyzing and measuring the maturity of software development processes being followed in an organization. It is a technique used to develop and refine a company’s software development process.
CMM can be used to assess an organization against a scale of five process maturity levels based on certain key process areas (KPAs). It describes the maturity of the organization based on the project the organization is working on with customers.
The five different levels of the Capability Maturity Model are:
The DevOps methodology is one of the latest methodologies in the process of the software development life cycle. As the name suggests, Developers and Operations teams work closely as a single team. This helps accelerate innovation and deploy higher-quality and more reliable software products and functionalities. In a DevOps model, small and frequent updates are provided for software products. Discipline, continuous feedback and process improvement, and automation of manual development processes are all indications of the DevOps model.
24) Explain HLD and LLD in short.
HLD: HLD stands for “High-Level Design". It provides the overall system design in terms of functional architecture and database design. It consists of the entire architectural design of the system from the main module to all sub-modules.
LLD: LLD stands for "Low-Level Design". The view of the application developed during the HLD is broken down into modules and programs. Then it is designed separately. Logic design is done for each application or program and then documented according to the program's prescribed specifications. A unit test is also made for each program.
25) What is the role of Requirements Gathering in SDLC?
In the initial phase of SDLC, requirements analysis and gathering are done. The project requirements are analyzed in terms of input data and the desired output. The cost analysis, benefits, and scheduling of the project are also analyzed in this phase. Business analysts are responsible for gathering requirements from the customer and document them. The document may be referred to as BRS (Business Requirements Specification) or CRS (Customer Requirements Specification) or PRD (Product Requirements Specification) or URS (User Requirements Specification) or BDD (Business Design Document). Document name may vary from company to company but the process is the same.
26) What does STLC mean? How is it different from SDLC?
STLC stands for “Software Testing Life Cycle”. STLC is a process of testing any software in a planned and systematic way. Different organizations have different phases and methodologies in their software testing process. However, a generic STLC involves the following phases:
• Planning • Test Design • Execution • Evaluation of Exit criteria • Closure
Difference between SDLC and STLC:
The main differences between SDLC and STLC are tabulated below:
SDLC
STLC
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process of systematic development of software from design to deployment.
Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) is a process of systematic testing of software by following different testing phases.
SDLC includes complete verification and validation of Process or Project.
STLC only includes Validation.
Requirements are calculated from market and sales data and analyzed by the development team.
Requirements are gathered from the SRS (Software Requirement Specification) by the testing team to test the software to see if it meets the requirements.
Coding is done to develop the software according to the needs of the SRS.
Coding is done to develop test cases and to identify test points to use these cases.
27) What is mean by Software Maintenance? Can software bug fixes also be performed in software maintenance?
Software maintenance is a process of SDLC. Modifying or updating existing software after delivery is necessary to fix bugs and improve performance. Sometimes, new features are also required by the customer. Therefore the maintenance team consisting of developers, testers, and project manager officers is formed by the project manager who is responsible for software maintenance.
Various types of software maintenance are:
Corrective: Removing errors reported by users.
Adaptive: Dealing with changes in hardware and software environments where software is deployed.
Perfective: Adding new requirements or features as per user’s need.
Preventive: Taking appropriate measures to avoid future problems.
28) What is mean by the 'scope' of a project?
The scope of the project or Software scope is the predefined objectives, goals, and expectations of the project. It is a well-defined boundary, which contains all the stages required to develop and distribute the software product. The software scope also includes all the artifacts, features, and functionalities to be distributed as a part of the software. The scope also helps identify what the final software will be able to do and what it will involve.
29) What is the primary aim of SDLC?
The primary purpose of the software development life cycle is to follow a systematic, planned approach to create a robust software application for the customer. The entire software development process is divided into several stages that make it easy to evaluate each stage of development and work concurrently on each stage. SDLC not only helps in easy development, but it also helps to ensure that the software meets customer requirements.
30) What are the Pros and Cons of the software development life cycle?
Pros:
• The formal review is created at the end of each phase that allows maximum management control. • SDLC approach helps developers to create considerable system documentation which ensures that the software requirements meet stated business goals and objectives. • Many intermediate products can be produced with this approach according to user-defined standards and requirements. These products can be further improved to ensure that the business needs it.
Cons:
• Producing documentation is time-consuming and expensive. It's even harder to keep updated. • SDLC encourages stiff implementation instead of creativity. • Users may not be able to easily review and evaluate intermediate products (such as data flow diagrams) according to their business needs.
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